Frankenstein Victim or Villain - 3231 Words

Mary Shelley’s ability to create such multidimensional characters in Frankenstein proves that writing is a powerful tool that has the ability to provoke vastly different opinions amongst readers. Even though each individual reading the story is reading the exact same words, their interpretation of those words often leads to opposing views in regards to the fate of the characters. The creature, in particular, has been a popular topic of discussion when conducting a close read of the novel due to his arguable versatility as a victim and villain. The concept of the villain has evolved over the years, however its basis still rests upon the simple fact that as a character in the story, their actions are a result of malicious intentions†¦show more content†¦Her interpretation is actually quite true because in the most minimalistic explanation, Frankenstein is making the choice to desert his child and the chances of survival of a newborn on its own are next to none. This is quite a profound choice that foreshadows the hardships that the creature will soon face and also hints at the remarkable fact that the creature does in fact survive to have a long life. This is also briefly discussed by Butler: â€Å"the creature’s career works on two levels, as a survival-story like Robison Crusoe’s, and as an allegorical account of the progress of mankind over eons of time† (xxxix). The creature’s perseverance and remarkable ability to overcome his presumed infant death allows him to be perceived as an underdog of sorts, who will continue to fight against the odds. This perseverance and constant struggle is the mark of a victim trying to survive. Moreover, Victor’s lack of responsibility demonstrates his selfish nature and total disregard of the consequences of his actions, making the creature a victim of Victor’s actions. This abandonment is a major factor in distinguishing the creature as a victim as opposed to a villain . Lacking any parental guidance from Victor, the creature is left to determine how the world works on his own. This means that heShow MoreRelatedAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein781 Words   |  4 PagesAbsence of Heroes and Villains in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein is a gothic novel which was published in the 19th century, and was written by Mary Shelley. In the 19th century the most popular types of novels were horror. This novel was an early example of a thriller. One of the main reasons why Mary Shelley wrote a book about science, horror and suffering was because she knew that people in the 19thRead More Frankensteins Creature is a Victim, NOT A Villain Essays1133 Words   |  5 PagesFrankensteins Creature Is A Victim Not A Villain In this essay I aim to discuss the statement Frankensteins creature is a victim not a villain In 1814 Mary Wollestonecraft met Percy shelly, a poet and writer. They ran away together, to escape Marys family and Percys pregnant wife, Harriet. Harriet drowned herself and Mary and percy were married two weeks later. Frankenstein was started in 1816 and finally published in 1818. From 1815 to 1819 three of mary Shellys four childrenRead MoreNegative Criticism Of Frankenstein1279 Words   |  6 Pagesshocked to life is named Frankenstein. However, that is not the case in the original book â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley. As my classmate said, â€Å"Frankenstein† is not only an ionic book, but also ironic considering that the theme of Frankenstein is people being misunderstood when the book itself has misconceptions over the true meaning thanks to the movie that changed the views people had over Frankenstein. Today there are several viewpoints over the works of â€Å"Frankenstein†. Some people consider theRead More Victor is the True Villain of Frankenstein Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesmonster in Frankenstein is a symbol of evil, whose only desire is to ruin lives. He has been called A creature that wreaks havoc by destroying innocent lives often without remorse. He can be viewed as the antagonist, the element Victor must overcome to restore balance and tranquility to the world. But after the novel is looked at on different levels, one becomes aware that the creature wasnt responsible for his actions, and was just a victim of circumstance. The real villain of Frankenstein isnt theRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley849 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Who is the true antagonist† is a question that a reader may mull upon during the reading of certain novels. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the main character, Victor Frankenstein, although thought to be a victim, is in fact the villain of the novel Frankenstein. The plot of the novel consists of Victor Frankenstein causing tragedies and deaths as a result of his irresponsibility and yearning for fame. Victor also creates an antagonizing creature that has absolutely no knowledge of the basic waysRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1439 Words   |  6 Pagesreact with ambivalence to this question because we have been exposed to both side s of the story, which is a rarity in most cases. Shelley represents the creature as truly monstrous and evil through the eyes of Victor Frankenstein, which gives readers the opportunity to view Frankenstein as the hero. It is only when we read the creature’s account that we began to feel both sympathy and even empathy for the struggles he has encountered. The creature never asked to be born and continually suffers at theRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe s Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, And The Tell Tale Heart1579 Words   |  7 PagesGothic Frankenstein The amount of scary books, dark video games and horror movies in the horror genre is unparalleled by any other single genre. People who take part in this genre enjoy the heart-pounding thrill of being scared or the long drawn out tension that causes them to sit on the edge of their seat. Historically many of the early examples of the horror or gothic genre like Dracula by Bram Stoker, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, and The Tell Tale Heart by EdgarRead MoreThe Evolution of Horror Films Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesA girl runs frantically through the woods trying to escape an axe wielding villain. The defenseless victim suddenly trips and collapses to the ground. The villain laughs wickedly as he lifts the axe above his head. The girl releases a final scream as the weapon quickly ends her life, causing the audience to go silent as they watch the villain drag away the lifeless body. Death, blood, guts, suspense, screaming, and terror are all just a few things to expect when watching a modern day horror filmRead MoreComparing The Movie Frankenstein And Frankenstein2368 Words   |  10 PagesThe two classic movies Dracula and Frankenstein both have very different stories from one another but the similarities between the two movies is the characteristics of their main characters. The main idea between the two movies is that they are both fascinated with creatures which are Count Dracula and Frankenstein’s monster that are irregular, dangerous, and abnormal from others beings in their movies. Frankenstein’s monster as well as Count Dracula both cause hazard to the other characters inRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein - Society’s Humanity and Oppression872 Words   |  4 PagesOppression in Frankensteinnbsp; nbsp; nbsp;What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man? This question, posed by Captain Robert Walton on page 22 of Mary Shelleys immortal Frankenstein, lies susceptible to interpretation to mean the ambition of man in one sense, but in another, the collective persecution and prejudice inherent in mankind. nbsp; With austere, scientific accounting of human nature, Shelley documents how zealous Captain Walton rescued Victor Frankenstein, the

A Research Study On Health Care Management - 1240 Words

Health care management ensures that expertise professionals are serving clients to address issues that are arising. The manager’s role is to certify things are running smoothly in a health care organization. I decided to interview a nurse practitioner because that has always been my dream occupation, but I realized looking into the psychiatric part. I interviewed a licensed psychiatric nurse practitioner who works at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose, Ca. According to the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2016), â€Å"Autonomously and in collaboration with health care professionals and other individuals, NPs provide a full range of primary, acute and specialty health care services, including: Ordering, performing and†¦show more content†¦What I learned prior to this interview through research was that medical records play a big role in a medical facility. There are chart rooms dedicated to these medical charts because they contain private conf idential information regarding adults. HIPAA stand for the health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996. HIPAA electronic medical records have to strictly follow guidelines that have procedures in disclosing patient health information. Psychotherapy notes do not include: â€Å"medication prescription and monitoring, counseling session start and stop times, modalities and frequencies of treatment, results of clinical tests, and any summary of diagnosis, functional status, treatment plans, symptoms, prognosis or progress† (Holloway 2003). Also, the patient has to give consent in allowing the medical records to be provided to other medical providers to view. For the psychotherapy notes, â€Å"You do not have the right to access a provider’s psychotherapy notes. Psychotherapy notes are notes that a mental health professional takes during a conversation with a patient. They are kept separate from the patient’s medical and billing records. HIPAA also d oes not allow the provider to make most disclosures about psychotherapy notes about you without your authorization† (Office of Civil Rights 2012). Since I started school off as a nursing major at San Jose State University and have volunteered at many medical facilities, I

The Effects of Pornography Within Society Free Essays

string(70) " the activities on the Internet, porn has the highest addictive rate\." The history of pornography has been dated back to prehistoric times. The actual word is derived from the Greek language. The date of when the word pornographic was first used in Greek is not known but a related word â€Å"pornography† meaning â€Å"someone writing of harlots† was used in a writing called Depositories of Athenians. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Pornography Within Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the French language the word â€Å"Pornographic† was in used during the sass. The word did not enter the English language as the familiar word until 1857 or as a French import in New Orleans in 1842. Rossini, 2007) It is believed that the people of ancient societies felt it was not worthy to preserve pornography because it was customary in their society. Even though the early history of pornography is unclear there is artwork from many ancient civilizations like ancient Greece, Ancient India, and Rome where erotic pictures often appeared in religious context. (Godson) In ancient Greece the idea of pornography was very different from ours. Even though the Greeks had artwork such as paintings and pictures that depicted nudity, they were more tolerant and have different views on what was considered to be immoral and obscene. There were prostitutes that were used where the women were used and raped against their will and the men who raped them would become their husband. This was all considered to be k under the Goddess Aphrodite. There were also religious ceremonies where a woman and her partner would perform sex in public to help the crops grow. (Klutz, 2009) In ancient India nudity in art was acceptable in southern India. In Junta, India there are sculptures and pictures that depict this type of art. Historical evidence showed that most countries that are in tropical climates have people who do not wear clothes other than for fashion. The need to cover the upper halve of the body was unnecessary, only in certain parts of ancient India was the upper halve of the body dressed with precious stones or gold while the women would wear expensive silks and shares (Godson) In Ancient Roman society the role of pornography in society was portrayed in the form of art and in writings such as poetry. Some of the poetry that depicted pornography was in Odes to Piraeus showed descriptions of intimate sexual relationships and Catcalls and Ovid who wrote about a cruel and demanding mistress. Roman pornography was different from the Greeks because there was no entailment value and reasoning behind the porn that was depicted. Roman pornography was considered to be more towards annalistic portrayals and being purely sexual. The sexual drive for the Romans were very strong and one of their mottos was to divide and conquer in the bedroom as well as in the battlefield. (Scarping, 2012) The different forms of pornography are in writings, images, sculptures like art. In 18th-century Europe, pornography became a way for protest for people against royalty and other aristocrats. During the 20th century, restrictions on pornography were more relaxed throughout much of Europe and North America, Hough regulations remained strict in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In our modern culture viewing pornography in private may be considered to be offensive but there are still laws that restricts the viewing of certain types of pornography such as child porn Oinks, 2014). Depending on the culture pornography is viewed in different ways. For instance people may look at pornographic images as a religious aspect while in another culture pornography may be considered to be more erotic. Some may feel that it is completely absurd. The different parts of the world have different ways that pornography is incorporated into their societies. The perspective against pornography brings up an important issue that includes violence against women, men, and children. They also cite issues of demutualization of sex, addiction, health concerns, and relationship issues. The demutualization of sex has been linked to the overwhelming amount of pornography that is available for the consumer. It has been shown in studies that the amount of porn available on the Internet is directly related to the way humans hunter-gatherer brains work and the novelty of viewing person after person in a sexual encounter. This fast paced viewing overload dads to spending more time alone, voyeurism, constant novelty, and the need for shock and surprise. These types of ‘sexual encounters’ leave out some important aspects of real relationships such as pheromones, emotional connection, being touched, and interacting with another person. One can easily see how this could lead to the inability to have meaningful sexual relationships due to the gradual demutualization of sex as well as being desensitizing to sexual violence. (Tessellated, 2012) A study done on the effects of pornography confirmed the idea that there is a link between high consumption of pornography and the prediction of sexual aggression. They studied the percentage of sexual perpetration, perspectives on intimate relationships, and beliefs of the rape myth (the rape myth is belief that belittles rape and tends to blame the victim for the crime). In every area of this meta- analysis they found that exposure to pornography increases the risk for an individual to commit sexual offenses, experience struggles with intimate relationships, and have higher acceptance rates of the rape myth. â€Å"Another meta-analysis examined 30 different studies with a total of 2,040 participants and concluded that exposure to pornography increases behavioral aggression†¦ He researchers conclude that a connection between exposure to pornography and subsequent behavioral aggression exists† (Allen, Deadlines, Breezes, 1995). The sexual aggression quantities are four times higher in an individual who consumes pornography habitually. The health effects that have been associated with Internet pornography addiction include social anxiety, depression, performance anxiety, and erectile dysfunction. ADD, COD, social anxiety, depression, and performance anxiety are thought to be possible precursors to the addiction and can be reversed by changing their behaviors. In a study done called, â€Å"Predicting compulsive Internet use: it’s all about sex! † they found that out of all the activities on the Internet, porn has the highest addictive rate. You read "The Effects of Pornography Within Society" in category "Papers" They believe this is due to the brains reward circuit and how it drives us towards natural rewards like food, close personal relationships, and sex. These drives produce the secretion of dopamine and if too much dopamine is released it can override our natural satiation mechanisms. For instance, with excess high calorie food consumption, an individual ‘s ability to feel full’ becomes harder to satisfy and major health concerns an ensue. In comparison to natural reward addictions, unnatural rewards like drugs or alcohol only make addicts of about 10% of users. The more the consumption over time, the more the dopamine surges; this then causes the binge mechanism that causes Delta-Foss to accumulate. The build up of Delta-Foss creates the cravings for more and alters the brain with a cycle of binging and craving. If this cycle continues, the brain will have structural changes that result in a numbed pleasure response, overexcited reactions to porn, and diminished self-control. In a study done with roomer Internet porn addicts, they found that these changes in the brain can reverse back to normal once the behavior is under control. The number one reason men try to stop their consumption of porn is directly related to erectile dysfunction and sexual performance. In these cases, the Delta-Foss build up and structural changes cause the erectile dysfunction. (Tessellated, 2012) The perspectives that support pornography are some of the following: it can facilitate healthy views on sex, reduce crime or aggression, and be economically beneficial. A study, done at the Pacific Center for Sex and Society at the University of Hawaii, looked at the sexual violence rates in countries where pornography is legalized. They found that with the increased popularity and consumption of pornography, that rates of sexual violence were reduced. The study concluded that this could be evidence that viewing pornography can provide a ‘catharsis’ for individuals who have predispositions of hostile behavior. (Pappas, 2012, Para. 4) In a Danish study done with more than 600 men and women aged 18-30, they found that that the overall consensus was that viewing pornography had a positive effect on their lives. They stated that it was beneficial for ‘sexual knowledge, attitudes toward ex, perceptions of the opposite sex, healthy sex lives, and general quality of life’ (Langley, 2012, Para. 4). The economical benefits of pornography include its extensive revenue and employment. In the United States, Internet porn acquires $2. 84 billion each year, and worldwide it brings in $4. 9 billion. (â€Å"Porn Addiction Statistics,† n. D) The sociological implications that are intertwined with sociology are the following: Economy Although there are benefits economically, there is a decline in Jobs because of the amount that is available for free. This as a result brings a downfall in the economy of the pornographic industry. The top adult entertainment companies include Vivid Entertainment in the United States, Playboy also in the United States, Airstreams in the Netherlands and Freeness Films in Brazil. Some of the major porn producing nations are Russia, Spain, Germany, and Japan. According to topdressings. Com, in 2006 the countries that had the largest revenue from the porn is the US $13. 33 billion, South Korea had $25. 73 billion, China had $27. 40 billion, and Japan $19. 8 billion. (Cruz, 2010) The porn industry is a major part of the world economy, creating employment and large-scale revenue. According to topdressings. Com, there is over 3,000 spent every second on pornography across the world. However, it is difficult to estimate the accurate statistics for the entire industry as a large part of the industry operates underground. (Cruz, 2010) There is a problem with the pornography being watch at work. Companies are losing money on the how much time their employees spend watching at work. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics on March 30, 2012 a study that looked at how much money was being lost because employees of an undisclosed employer. There was about 28% of people using the computers to look up porn and showed an average of $23. 3 per hour by 1 hour and 38 minutes of watching porn came up with $38 a month and $456 a year per employee. If the 132 million people who were reported as workers in March 2012 and divided to represent the 28% of people who watch porn at work ended up with 37 million people who watch porn at work causing an annual productivity loss for companies around $16. Billion. (Godliest, 2012) There is a lot of money being spent on pornography. Some hotel chains have pornography delivered to them by one of two major distribution companies, which are Lodgment and On Command. The hotel chains have reported that there is a 5%- 0% in profit Just from pornography purchases. On the Internet search engines like Yahoo made money off selling ads a nd links to porn websites. The price for getting a website listed that did not have porn on it was about $200 where porn sites were $600. Yahoo had suffered a lot of criticism about a sex shop that was opened up in 2001 but closed in January 2002 because there was legal action taken against them Patrick Truman a former Chief of Justice for child exploitation and obscenity section. (Herd, 2002) On the Internet there are websites that are very popular for their pornography. The top websites are Pronoun which gets 2. Billion views monthly page views, Weaponry getting 2. 1 billion, Tube 8 getting 970 million, compared too website like Wisped which gets about 8 million page views monthly. The actual amount of money that porn companies are really making is not easy to find because the info is not traded in public. Although there are estimates that show since 2006 out of $3. 62 billion in rentals and video sales, pornography created $2. 84 billion. The industry is headed in a whole new direction from renting videos to digital video streaming. (Rosen, 2013) Although there is so much money being produce by this industry there re some problems that arise with all the new technologies that come along with it. The bootlegging or pirating of porn that is copy written and sold takes away from the money that can be created. The increase of free porn websites also makes it more convenient (Rosen, 2013) for someone to get hold of pornographic material in way that doesn’t cost them anything but a computer and a internet connection. All of these factors play an important role in the economy of the pornographic industry. (Rosen, 2013) Families Pornography can have a negative impact on families and children. It can affect all members of the family. Pornography can cause a lack of interest in the conjugal relations between spouses. Couples affected by one spouse’s addiction usually experience a loss of interest in sexual intercourse and good family relations. Pornography can be a gateway to infidelity and is often a main cause for divorce. Pornography can cause Just as much pain and devastation to a marriage or family as actual infidelity. It can cause divorce or separation from which deep psychological and emotional ramifications could arise for the victimized spouse and children. Children of families who are broken apart from pornography grow up with a countermanding of sexuality and can develop trust and relationship issues of their own. Children can experience traumas related to encounters with their parents’ pornographic material. A study of adolescents revealed that viewing sexually explicit internet materials significantly increased their uncertainties about sexuality, and it can lower their self-esteem and bring about feelings of loneliness and depression. † (Fagan) When a child lives in a home where an adult is consuming pornography, there is a risk of the child suffering from a decreased amount of time ND attention from that parent leading to emotional and psychological issues. The child is also at an increased risk of encountering pornographic material that he or she may not be sexually mature to enough to view. It is not Just the person with the addiction or compulsion of watching pornography who suffers from the negative effects it can cause. The entire family involved can be effected and is at risk for the detrimental results that can occur. Health The are many health implications that come along with the use of pornography ranging from mental and psychiatric to medical and physical health risks. The most prevalent being the psychological effects porn can have on consumers and their families. Some psychologists refer to the over-use of pornography an addiction while others call it a compulsion. Either way it is labeled; too much porn can have psychological ramifications that lead to serious mental health issues. Another health risk for individuals who consume pornography is an increased likelihood to engage in risky sexual behaviors that are portrayed in various films and photographs. People may not understand that the behaviors seen in pornography are acted out in a enthroned setting and attempt to reenact such behaviors in dangerous ways. Pornography does not exactly promote safe sex concerns and may cause people overlook the importance of using protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Pornography can cause people to engage in sexual activity with numerous partners because they have been desensitizing to the importance of having one meaningful partner. They seek fulfillment in many different partners and this can lead to easy spread of sexually transmitted infections. The lack of use of protection and the involvement of numerous partners can lead to the easy spread of sexually reanimated infections. Physical injuries can occur from individuals and couples reenacting what they observe in pornography. Some people use pornography as a sort of training video. Inexperienced couples and individuals try to act out scenarios and end up physically injuring themselves. Thirty- three percent of Americans each year suffers from physical injuries during sexual activity. A portion of those incidents occurs because of pornographic influence. All of these are important health implications that need to be considered. The numerous amounts of research that have been done on the effects of orangeroot conclude with conflicting outcomes. The data found in one study can be completely different from another study. Paul Wright, who has studied sex in the media and is the assistant professor of telecommunications at Indiana University said, â€Å"It’s very easy if you want to support one side or the other, to pull a particular study†¦ Anybody can support one side or another by simply isolating a particular study and talking about it†(Pappas, 2012, Para. 1). This misalignment of information makes the topic a still heated debate. The discrepancies on the studies have to do tit the lack of a control group. (Tessellated, 2012) Pornography has been a part of society almost as long as society itself. It affects different cultures in various ways in both positive and negative aspects. It is a sociological aspect that has been under heated debate for the different implications that are involved in the topic. There are many negative attributes that come along with pornography that have adverse affects on society but there are positives that come along with it as well. While the negative seems to outweigh the positive, pornography is an industry that is here to stay for the mime being. There is not enough scientific research to prove that it is unhealthy enough to remove or ban it. However, there is enough information to show it is a subject that needs to be addressed and the risks need to be made known. If proper knowledge of the consequences of pornography are more commonly known, the amount of people affected in a negative way might be significantly reduced. Work Cited: Allen, M. , Deadlines, D. , and Breezes, K. â€Å"A Meta-Analysis Summarizing the Effects of Pornography II,† Human Communication Research, Volvo. 22, Number 2 (December, 1995): up. 258-283. Fagan, P. F. (n. D. ). The Effects of Pornography on Individuals, Marriage, Families, and Children. How to cite The Effects of Pornography Within Society, Papers

Juvenile Delinquency Essay Thesis Example For Students

Juvenile Delinquency Essay Thesis Juvenile DelinquencyRemember doing something mischievous or wrong when you were a kid and gettingthe label delinquent slapped on you ? Did you ever wonder what it meant ?That is what my topic for today is . . . juvenile delinquency. In this report Iwill: define juvenile delinquency, give the extent of juvenile delinquency,give some suggestions on what causes juvenile delinquency, and what is beingdone in various communities to deal with this growing problem. The legal termjuvenile delinquent was established so that young lawbreakers could avoid thedisgrace of being classified in legal records as criminals. Juveniledelinquency laws were designed to provide treatment, rather than punishment, forjuvenile offenders. Young delinquents usually are sent to juvenile courts,where the main aim is to rehabilitate offenders, rather than to punish them. But the term juvenile delinquency itself has come to imply disgrace in todayssociety. A youngster can be labeled a delinquent for breaking any one of anumber of laws, ranging from robbery to running away from home. But an actionfor which a youth may be declared a delinquent in one community may not beagainst the law in another community. In some communities, the police ignoremany children who are accused of minor delinquencies or refer them directly totheir parents. But in other communities, the police may refer such children toa juvenile court, where they may officially be declared delinquents. Crimestatistics, though they are often incomplete and may be misleading, do give anindication of the extent of the delinquency problem. The FBI reports thatduring the early 1980s, about two-fifths of all arrests in the United Statesfor burglary and arson were of persons under the age of 18. Juveniles alsoaccounted for about one-third of all arrests for larceny. During any year,about 4 % of al l children between the ages of 10 and 18 appear in a juvenilecourt. The percentage of youngsters in this group who are sent to court atleast once is much higher. A third or more of those boys living in the slumareas of large cities may appear in a juvenile court at least once. Girls arebecoming increasingly involved in juvenile delinquency. Today, about one ofevery five youngsters appearing in juvenile court is a girl. In the early1900s, this ratio was about 1 girl to every 50 or 60 boys. Sociologists haveconducted a number of studies to determine how much delinquency is not reportedto the police. Most youngsters report taking part in one or more delinquentacts, though a majority of the offenses are minor. Experts have concluded thatyouthful misbehavior is much more common than is indicated by arrest records andjuvenile court tatistics. Many studies have been made in an effort to determinethe causes of delinquency. Most of these have focused on family relationshipsor on neighborhood or community conditions. The results of these investigationshave shown that it is doubtful that any child becomes a delinquent for anysingle reason. Family Relationships, especially those between parents andindividual children, have been the focus of several delinquency studies. Anearly study comparing delinquent and nondelinquent brothers showed that over 90% of the delinquents had unhappy home lives and felt discontented with theirlife circumstances. Only 13 % of their brothers felt this way. Whatever thenature of the delinquents unhappiness, delinquency appeared to them to be asolution. It brought attention to youths neglected by their parents, orapproval by delinquent friends, or it solved problems of an unhappy home life inother ways. More recent studies have revealed that many delinquents had parentswith whom they did not get along or who were inconsistent in their patterns ofdiscipline and punishment. Neighborhood conditions have been stressed in studiesby sociologists. Many of these inquiries concentrate on differing rates ofdelinquency, rather than on the way individuals become delinquents. A series ofstudies have shown that delinquency rates are above average in the poorestsections of cities. Such areas have many broken homes and a high rate ofalcoholism. They also have poor schools, high unemployment, few recreationalfacilities, and high crime rates. Many young people see delinquency as theironly escape from boredom, poverty, and other problems. Social scientists havealso studied the influence of other youngsters on those who commit delinquencies. .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .postImageUrl , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:hover , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:visited , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:active { border:0!important; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:active , .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13432e7cb529406ffd3c0d1a618c45ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Solar Cells Essay PaperFor example, they point out that most youngsters who engage in delinquentbehavior do so with other juveniles and often in organized gangs. Studiesindicate that the causes of delinquency also extend to a whole society. Forexample, delinquency rates tend to be high among the low-income groups insocieties where most people are well-to-do. The pain of being poor and livingin slum conditions are felt more strongly in a rich society than in a poor one. Many efforts have been made to develop programs of delinquency prevention. There is little evidence, however, that any of these programs is truly effective. Some programs provide counseling services to youths who appear to be on theverge of becoming delinquents. Other programs draw youngsters into clubs andrecreational centers in an effort to keep them away from situations in whichdelinquency is likely to occur. In recent years, many efforts have centered onimproving the educational and work skills of youngsters. For those juvenileswho have already become delinquents, there are programs designed to prevent themfrom committing future delinquent acts. Probation services are offered throughjuvenile courts in an effort to provide guidance for delinquent children. Themore progressive institutions for juveniles attempt to provide treatmentprograms for offenderswork experiences, counseling, education, and grouptherapy. However, many other institutions provide little more than protectivecustody for juvenile delinquents. In conclusion, I have defined juveniledelinquency, explained the extent of juvenile delinquency, gave some suggestionson what c auses juvenile delinquency, and what is being done in variouscommunities to deal with the problem of juvenile delinquency.

Love Song Essays - Literature, Chapbooks, , Term Papers

Love Song Eliot paints the picture of an insecure man looking for his niche in society. Prufrock has fallen in with the times, and places a lot of weight on social status and class to determine his identity. He is ashamed of his personal appearance and looks towards social advancement as a way to assure himself and those around him of his worth and establish who he is. Throughout the poem the reader comes to realize that Prufrock has actually all but given up on himself and now sees his balding head and realizes that he has wasted his life striving for an unattainable goal. The beginning of the poem is pre-empted by an excerpt from Dante's Inferno which Eliot uses to begin his exploration of Prufrock's self-consciousness. By inserting this quote, a parallel is created between Prufrock and the speaker, Guido da Montefeltro, who is very aware of his position in "hell" and his inability to escape his fate. Prufrock is also very aware of his current status but doesn't realize until the end that he is unable to rise above it. The issue of his fate leads Prufrock to an "overwhelming question..."(10) which is never identified, asked, or answered in the poem. This "question" is somehow associated with his social status, but both its ambiguity and Prufrock's denial to even ask "What is it?"(11) gives some insight into his state of internal turmoil. Prufrock's dissatisfaction with his personal appearance is evidence of an underlying lack of self-confidence. Not only is he unhappy with the way he looks, having "To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;" but he is constantly afraid of what others will have to say about him: "(They will say: 'How his hair is growing thin!')"(41) and "(... 'But how his arms and legs are thin!')"(44). Prufrock's preoccupation with looks shows how much he is caught up in the social scene and how much his identity is rooted in what others think of him. Unfortunately, his lack of confidence isn't limited to his looks. He's indecisive and unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with other people, repeating "visions and revisions"(33) and "decisions and revisions..."(48). Eliot uses repetition here to emphasize Prufrock's alterations in behavior to please those around him. He wants to speak out and share his thoughts but doesn't have the courage saying, "'Do I dare?' and, 'Do I dare?'"(38). Possibly, he's asking if he should dare "and drop a question on your plate."(30) He wants to ask a lady out but again he can't get up the nerve to take that step. He is a bit melodramatic but he realizes the enormity of the odds stacked against him and he drones, "Do I dare/ Disturb the universe?"(45-46). In this case Eliot uses hyperbole to show the reader extent of Prufrock's insecurities. They are his whole "universe." Once again, Eliot uses the device of ambiguity to reflect the internal struggle in Prufrock and lead the reader to ask himself or herself, "What is the 'overwhelming question' that Prufrock is asking?" Unfortunately even Prufrock himself doesn't exactly have the answer. His declaration that he isn't a prophet indicates Prufrock's view on his position in society, which he is as confused about as everything else. He isn't poor but he doesn't really fit into the upper class either. Eliot introduces the idea of Prufrock being caught between the two classes in the very beginning of the poem, when he juxtaposes the images of "restless nights in one-night cheap hotels/ And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells"(4-5) with the women who "come and go Talking of Michelangelo."(13-14). These two images represent two completely different ways of life. The first image is of a dingy lifestyle - living among the "half-deserted streets"(4) while the second is the lifestyle that Prufrock longs to be associated with. It is much like the image of Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel where Adam is reaching out to touch God's finger but can't quite reach. While Prufrock doesn't belong to either of these two classes completely, he does have characteristics of both. He claims to be "Full of high sentence; but a bit obtuse" while "At times, indeed, almost ridiculous"(117-118). Being the outsider that he is, Prufrock will not be accepted by either class; even though he can clearly make the distinction between the two and recognize their members: "I know the voices dying with a dying fall/ Beneath the music from a farther room."(52-53). This Shakespearean suggests that Prufrock is just out of reach of the group of people

Essay on Yoga Day Essays

Essay on Yoga Day Essays Essay on Yoga Day Essay Essay on Yoga Day Essay I walked in the room on my first day of yoga class and soon enough the motivation was evident . The air was pregnant with tranquility which was necessary for an environment being setup for a series of mind stimulating exercises. The yoga instructor, who had an extremely well-proportioned body, started off with a routine which became one of my favorites throughout the semester. Aimed to sooth the tension in your lower back, the cat stretch immensely improved my posture which in turn helped me get rid of a few back problems that I had been dealing with recently. Rounding off the spine with the four limbs flat on the floor, we were taught to place our body in a cat like pose while breathing deeply. Another routine which had a beneficial strengthening effect on my thighs was the mountain pose or â€Å"tadasana†. Like most other yoga exercises, it not only claims to improve one’s posture but it also helps to relieve sciatica as well. We were guided to anchor the balls of the feet on the floor and then to lift the body up. The thighs were the main focus of this routine, were kept firm while pushing the sternum up towards the ceiling, with arms hanging on the side like that of a rag doll. The pose was to be maintained for around thirty seconds to a minute. One of the classical yoga poses, the cobra pose or â€Å"bhujangasana† did wonders to relieve stress and fatigue which had been bottling up inside my body on a daily basis. It made my back more upright and had a very firm stretching effect on my shoulders and chest. This particular pose made all the participants lay chest down on the floor and aimed on pushing the sternum upwards. This pose, we were told, was therapeutic for respiratory issues such as asthma and for increased amount of blood circulation. The plane pose aimed to tone the abdomen, was pretty welcoming for me as I had been trying to get rid of a little extra flab in that area. It helped to fortify the muscles of my back and spine. We were directed to stand erectly and to follow by lifting up one leg, with the chest parallel to the floor and arms held out like wings of an airplane. This worked like magic on my abs because at the end of the semester, I noticed nicely toned up abs which I was immensely ecstatic about. Not only that, but my ankles also felt much stronger to bear the weight of my body. Over all my experience doing yoga was incalculably rewarding as I ended up with an upright, healthy posture and the few minutes of meditation everyday made me reflect on how much I had ignored myself in the past few months. I was thoroughly rejuvenated and blissfully in peace, both physically and mentally. References Carillo A. , Neuhaus E. , (2005), Iron Yoga: Combine Yoga and Strength Training for Weight Loss and Total Body Fitness. USA: Rodale, 137-140. Simpkins, C. A. , Simpkins A. , (2003), Yoga Basics. Boston, MA: Tuttle. Watts, A. (1983). Help for Hay Fever. Yoga Journal, 50, 25-26. Airplane Pose Exercise Demonstration. (2010). In Spark People Retrieved May 31, 2010 from sparkpeople. com/resource/exercises. asp? exercise=118 Cat pose (2010) Yoga Journal Retrieved May 30, 2010 from yogajournal. com/poses/2468

Discussion the physics of collisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion the physics of collisions - Essay Example This paper will use information from the statements recorded to prove, both theoretically and scientifically, that it was not Sandy Dayton fault that the accident happened. It will also confirm that Sunday Dayton was not speeding before the crash occurred. From the Accident Investigators report, the 1988 Chevrolet cargo van had hit Sandys 1978 Ford Mustang from the rear. Secondly, both vehicles had skidded on braking before the crash, with Sandys car making a 90 feet skid mark while the Cargo van slid for 45 feet. The 1978 Ford Mustang was pushed 30 feet into the intersection after the crash. The kinetic friction coefficient was determined to be 0.59 using a drag sled. The weight of Sandys car was 2700 lbs while that of the cargo van was not reported. West Trenton speed limit is 35mph. This paper will use this data to determine the speeds of both vehicles before the drivers hit the brakes. This speed will show which of the two vehicles was speeding before the accident. Analysis of skid marks is essential in an auto accident reconstruction in estimating the speed of the car exactly before the driver hit the brakes. A simple friction model is used, provided the information on the cars tires, and the surface of the road is provided (Bohan, Damask, and Bee). In this case, the accident investigator provided us with the kinetic friction coefficient between the surface of the road and the tires, given as 0.59. Since both vehicles were initially in motion, the Kinetic Energy approach will be used to determine the work done to bring the car to a stop. The Kinetic energy K due to the motion of the car of mass m and speed v is given by; Kinetic energy was converted to heat energy in the tires, the road, and the air when the car skidded to a stop. This conversion is as a result of the work of Friction W. Work done is given by force f

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY - Essay Example My beliefs on matters of justice and injustice I developed a belief that the world is still divided on issues to do with religion on matters relating to justice and injustice. As a female Muslim student, studying in a Christian dominated country, I have severally passed through thorough scrutiny, as compared to the rest of my American counterparts, when it comes to security checks when I visit some shopping malls in the city. I realized that some people relate Islam to terror and violence, thus, treating Muslims with utmost keenness. It made me develop a belief that the world is not fair to Muslims on issues relating to segregation based on terrorism and violence. I feel that the world treats Islamic religion unfairly because not all Muslims are terrorists. There is injustice in the treatment of Muslims by Christians in other countries that are not Islam dominated. This leads to isolation as a course of the discrimination. Whenever such happens to me, I feel it is a religious injusti ce and maybe even racial because, it is easy to recognize a Muslim who is of Arabic descent, as I am, from other Muslims in the USA. Matters of justice and injustice The death penalty It is an injustice to deny someone the right to live simply because of committing a capital crime; this is from my school of thought as an individual. The Sharia law advocates for death as a punishment to a heinous crime committers, Islam as a religion does support it basing on Sharia laws. The punishment for a crime like murder in Saudi Arabia is death by beheading in public; therefore, I believe that the death penalty is an injustice since it goes against everyone’s right to life, despite the mistake he or she has done. This is because, the penalty deprives the victims a chance to learn from the previous crimes they committed, so to me it serves no meaning at all. My religion, Islam, condones death penalty for various crimes committed, but, as an individual, I totally disagree with the stand. In Saudi Arabia, which is my country, death penalty, also called capital punishment, bases on Islamic Sharia law and has a wide range of crimes. The offences leading to its use vary from rape, murder, armed robbery, adultery and purported witchcraft. I do not support any of these crimes but I feel it is not right for a human being to lose a life for having committed any of these crimes. Criminals can undergo punishment in various ways apart from facing the death penalty in various ways. I strongly disagree with the Sharia law for necessitating capital punishment as a punishment for a capital crime. Many countries across the world do not subscribe to the use of capital punishment/death penalty as a means of punishing criminals. This is because; it is an injustice to humanity and a deprivation of an individual’s right to life. Gay rights Secondly, the issuance of gay rights is an injustice to the moral virtues and a defilement of my beliefs as a Muslim. I do not subscribe to ho mosexuality, lesbianism or bisexuality because, all this go against the teachings of the Quran. The Quran prohibits homosexuality because it goes against the natural order, ruins marriages, and makes individuals disregard God in other spheres of life (Stein & Marc 57). I think gays should not have the right to practice this dirty act anywhere in the world. As a Muslim, I feel like it is absolute immorality and going against the societal values and expectations. Gay

Eassy 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Eassy 1 - Essay Example The theory of speciation can basically be traced back to a type of understanding of basic evolutionary processes. In this way, speciation is a way in which one can describe the way that different groups with innately different characteristics can arise from groups of a similar species that share a common split ancestry (Singh 2010). Such a theory can help to explain how animals such as ducks and other livestock first became domesticated and presented a clear shift from the common ancestry of the non-domesticated duck that has resultantly helped the domesticated duck to evolve to what can be noted today; a nearly flightless animal that carries a great deal more weight than its naturally occurring relative. In much the same way, environmental agents of selective pressures means that key environmental factors can influence the way that creatures adapt to the environment, or particular way of life that is most suited to the furtherance of their species within the given construct in question. This of course denotes the Darwinian theories of natural selection and can be evidenced by the way that certain species of fish have adapted to their respective environments as a way to better provide themselves and their offspring with the chance of increased survival. Conversely, an environmental agent of selective pressures denotes the ways in which certain environmental factors act upon creatures to adapt them to the particular way of life that is necessitated within their environment. Evidence of this can of course be seen in the giraffes of the savannah as they were increasingly necessitated to have longer and longer necks as a function of reaching the flora at the top of the tree canopy. In this way, environmental agents of selective pressures can alternatively be read as a type of natural selection. Lastly, with regards to the dispersion theory, this

The Stress In The Workplace Psychology Essay

The Stress In The Workplace Psychology Essay Stress is a common daily experience for many people, increasingly in the workplace. Employees complain that there are many elements that produce stress in the workplace; for example, relationships with other employees, occupational demands and lack of control work (Cooper, Dewe and ODriscoll 2001). A survey of over a million employees in the UK found that over fifty percent of them experienced health problems due to stress. More and more employees appear to be suffering from ill health, often attributed to stress. Some psychologists claim that job stress affects more than sixty percent of all workplaces in the UK (Cartwright 2000). Stress is a significant and increasing problem in many countries (Chmiel 2008). Many researchers believe that there are three main types of stress (Copper and Payne 1988): stress as a reaction; stress as a stimulus; and stress as an intermediary procedure between both reaction and stimulus. Thus, stress is a psychological or physiological response when peo ple face a difficulty. Currently, some theories suggest that stress is a negative sentimental state which is due to the reaction between people and their surroundings (Arnold et al. 2010). However, stress may also have a positive effect on employees. This essay will focus on the definition of stress and two causes of stress work-related causes and individual personality causes in the workplace. Then evaluate the organizational techniques and individual techniques of reducing stress. The first step in solving any problem is to be beginning by understanding the issue. The definition of stress is argued by many psychologists. Since 1929, different researchers have developed various definitions of stress. Some researchers believe that the definition should be impartial, while others suggest that it could depend on individual opinions (Furnham 2005). According to the early studies, Selye defines stress as the non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it (1956 ¼Ã…’pp.27-29). Selyes definition concerns the physiological reaction instead of incorporating both psychological and physiological responses. A few years later, Cox (1978) illustrates that stress can be explained into three meanings: reaction-based, stimulus-based and interactive. Moreover, this theory is developed by other psychologists. Semmer (2003) claims that stress can be divided into stimulus, response and the intercede course between response and stimulus. Hence, Semmers definition is the most popular definition in sphere of learning. People use his definition to deeply understand stress. At present, stress is regarded as a public problem for most of employees. People try to find the roots of stress, especially in workplace. Some psychologists say that stressors such as workload, work schedule and conflict at work are the main sources of stress in the workplace (Landy Conte 2004). Furnham (2005) divides the main stressors into two types of cause: work-related causes and individual personality causes. He separates these stressors from the internal cause (personality) and external cause (environment). Currently, several studies prove that these two main causes which can produce stress in workplace. One of causes is work-related cause. Regarding work-related causes of stress, it includes job requirements, job role, work overload, work underload, organizational change, and other stressors. Firstly, Job requirements are the most significant factor which cause stress in the workplace. There are some demands which can make a job more and more stressful for instance, risk and danger. Police officers, firefighters, and other people in occupations where they often have to face physical threats always need to reduce the stress (Arnold et al. 2010). Secondly, Role-stressors include role conflict and role ambiguity (Woods West 2010). It affects the work settings and social support. Role ambiguity can also be a source of stress if a job description is too vague, and therefore employees are unsure of what duties they have in the office. Thirdly, Work overload and underload also influence emp loyee physical and mental health. Work overload means that there is too much work or work that is too difficult for an employee to complete. On the other hand, work underload means work is too simple to being a challenge for employees (Schultz Schultz 2002). Both work overload and work underload can lead to stress. The more time required completing a task, the lower employees level of happiness, and as a result, it impacts employees health and state of mind. The next factor is organizational change. Usually, it is difficult for employees to find their positions when the situation or environment changes. In that instance, not only the organization changes but also the demands of the organization changes, which in turn can make employees feel stressed. Finally, there are additional stressors in workplace, such as negative leadership and career development. Negative leadership gives employees pressure when they are provided negative feedback. Moreover, most of employees worry about th eir career development. In an employees career development, worrying over promotion and performance appraisals can be a significant factor of stress. Consequently, Work-related causes are external causes, which are objective and hard to change. The other main cause is individual personality causes. In this case, stress is influenced by individual factors, such as personality types, subjective opinions, and intelligence (Furnham 2006). There are many unique elements which can produce stress. Furthermore, peoples tendency to pay attention to the negative sides of an event is also a source of stress for employees. An individuals personality is an internal cause which can change by employees. Thus, these two causes are the common reasons of producing stress. Most employees are bothered by work-related causes, and are suffering from the negative effects of stress for a long time. As the cause of stress already discussed indicate, most researchers assert that stress is a growing problem in many countries one that has the potential to increase in the future (Chimel 2008). In general, stress tends to have negative consequences. Nevertheless, there are also some positive effects of stress in workplace. While, Selye (1956) believes that there are two kinds of stress distress and eustress. Distress is negative stress which can affect peoples health. Eustress is positive stress which can motivate people to reach a goal. Distress expresses the negative consequences of stress. These negative consequences can be separated into three main types: behavioral, psychological, and physiological (Woods West 2010). Initially, for behavior outcomes, people could make more mistakes during the learning and understanding processes. For example, fast food delivery workers can get into accidents more easily when there are too many deliveries to make (Landy Conte 2004). This is because they cannot pay more attention to the situation on the road when they are worried about how they can make deliveries on time. That is very dangerous for workers. Then, the psychological consequences of stress are also serious. Burnout, a common psychology consequence of stress, is a prominent negative effect of stress especially in caring careers nursing and teaching (Landy Conte 2004). For instance, a job which has massive workload and high work demands, usually leads to burnout. Normally, burnout will affect individual achievement. Employees who have low individual achievement will have difficulties facing challenge or difficulties well. It is clear that the high workload and job demands will increase the risk of burnout. In the meantime, some physiological changes result from stress as well. Some early studies reported that stress not only causes heart disease and headaches but also increases blood pressure and heart rate (Arnold et al. 2010). It is hazardous for employees that stress can threaten their life. The negative consequences of stress are easy to uncover, although, many articles have shown that stress can also have a positive influence in workplace. Selye (1956) suggests that a suitable amount of stress can help employee to develop their full potential. Because of eustress, they are good at receiving and acting on positive feedback during work time and they continue to find new challenges in their career development. Consequently, employees can get their goal soon. Stress can encourage employees to be successful in workplace. Nevertheless, most of the time, people spend lots of time studying the negative side of stress instead of the positive. The negative consequences of stress are the main problems that mostly disturb employees in workplace. Because of the negative consequence of stress, nowadays, there are many methods that can reduce or manage stress in the workplace. Some psychologists say that people can use organizational techniques and individual techniques to reduce stress in the workplace. Organizational techniques include changing the organizational climate and providing employee assistance procedure. The organization should make sure that employees are able to adapt to change (Cooper Locke 2000). It is important that employees engage in the decisions leading to change in the workplace. Participation could assist employees in adapting more easily to changes. Employees have a right to express their ideas and opinions. It can help employees to reduce or prevent the stress. Providing employees with assistance procedures means that organizations define employee roles and provide programs about stress management. In order to reduce stress which due to role ambiguity, organizations should give employees a clear job d escription before they start to work. It is an effective way to reduce employees stress. Moreover, appropriate job demands can prevent and reduce work overload and underload. Anther effective way to help employees reduce stress is by providing stress management programs. For example, a survey of 130 workers in Netherlands who engage in a stress management training program reported that it is an effective solution for reducing psychology stress. More importantly, the effects of this program lasted for six months (Schultz Schultz 2002). Accordingly, training programs could be successful in helping employees reduce stress levels in the workplace. On the other hand, Individual techniques for reducing and limiting stress are also important for employees. Since the 1930s, relaxation training has been used as an effective solution for reducing stress. The purpose of this kind of training is decrease the blood pressure. That way, employees begin to feel relaxed more quickly. In addition to the methods already described, biofeedback is another popular technique for reducing stress. Through the feedback of heart rate or blood pressure, people are taught to manage their internal state. Biofeedback can also be used to control brain waves. Keeping calm is an essential element of reducing stress. As a consequence, both organizational techniques and individual techniques are effective ways for helping employees to reduce stress. However, in fact, the organizational techniques are easier than individual techniques to enforce in a company. In conclusion, stress, an increasingly public problem, bothers most employees in modern society. Some psychologists claim that stress is a reaction and stimulus. It is a kind of psychological or physiological response shown when people face challenges or a threatening situation. There are internal causes individual personality and external causes work-related causes. Work-related cause is the main cause for producing stress in workplace. Selye (1956) demonstrates that eustress is one kind of positive stress. Eustress can motivate employees to improve themselves and get their goal. Other researchers, however, say that stress only has negative effects on employees, such as disease and burnout. In accordance with the negative effects of stress, the measures of reducing stress are divided into two categories: organizational techniques and individual techniques. These techniques deal with the stress due to work-related causes and individual personality causes. In the workplace, not only the employees but also the organizations leaders should be concerned about reducing stress.

TV Advertising and its Effect on Children Essay -- Television Media Pa

TV Advertising and its Effect on Children Today’s children are unique in many ways from previous generations, but perhaps the most influencing on our young children today is Television advertisements. "In 1997, the nation’s estimated 34 million children age 12 and under will have spent or influenced spending of a record $500 billion" (Horovitz 1997). There is obviously a great deal of interest in this subject, many books have been written, and many studies and reports done on the effects of TV advertising on children. In the following paragraphs we will look at some of the reasons why we advertise to children, some different positive and negative effects of TV advertisement on children, how people can cut through the hype of TV ads and pick good things for their children. Why Do We Advertise to Children? Today, everywhere we go we see some type of advertising. A sale at the supermarket or a billboard for a radio station, are two of the many forms of advertisement. Currently, advertisements that target children are very controversial. Marketers choose children because they can easily lure them in. Advertisers spent $105.97 billion in 1980. This number more than doubled in 2001 when it reached $230 billion (Laws, 2003). In the year 2000, the Census reported 105 million househ0olds in America, meaning advertisers spend an average of $2,190 on one household per year. Advertisers spend this much money because of television. The average child sees an estimate of more than 20,000 commercials every year - that works out to at least 55 commercials per day (Laws, 2003). Children will insist their parents purchase what they see or hear on television. In the 1960's, children had an influence on about $5 billion of their par... ...ront Outlook is Grim.† Advertising Age 72. 11 (2001) : 3 McDonald, Marci and Lavelle, Marianne. â€Å"Call it Kid-fluence.† U.S. News & World Report 131. 4 (2001) : 32 Pine, Karen J and Nash, Avril. â€Å"Dear Santa: The Effects of Television Advertising on Young Children.† International Journal of Behavioral Development 26. 6 (2002) : 529 The American Heritage College Dictionary. Boston: American Heritage, 2002 NYBOR,LLC (1996-2002) Available online: http://www.robynsnest.com/toysafety.htm. McNeal, James (2001). Quoted in McDonald M, Lavelle M. Call it kid-fluence. U.s. News & World Report, July 30, 2001, p.32.Strasburger, Victor C. (2001, June). Children and TV advertising: Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 22, 185. Education Digest (2000, January). Junk-food marketing goes elementary. p, 32.